I recently had the opportunity to travel Lisbon for the first time, where I visited with new friends. My experience in Portugal was unforgettable. I enjoyed a picturesque river cruise, marveled at the unique architecture of Sintra—especially its famous inverted tower—and explored the medieval charm of Obidos, a city rich in history. I also had the delightful experience of tasting Portugal's distinctive green wine. However, the highlight of my trip was discovering the deep and intriguing connection between Portugal and a part of my own heritage—the Armenian community. This unexpected link opened a new chapter in my understanding of both cultures, making my visit all the more meaningful.
Armenia, a country at the intersection of Europe and Asia, has long been a melting pot of cultures and a crucial hub for trade and diplomacy. This unique geographical positioning has led to a rich tapestry of historical connections, including a fascinating relationship with Portugal. Despite their geographical distance, Armenia and Portugal share a remarkable history that spans centuries, rooted in their shared experiences under the Roman Empire and their strategic roles as cultural intermediaries between East and West.
The Age of Discovery: A Turning Point
The Age of Discovery was a transformative era for both nations, particularly in the 15th and 16th centuries. Portuguese explorers and traders, seeking to expand their reach into the lucrative markets of Asia, found an invaluable ally in Armenia. At a time when European access to many Asian regions was restricted, Armenia's neutral and respected position provided a safe passage. Portuguese merchants often adopted Armenian identities, dressing in Armenian clothing and flying Armenian flags on their ships. This clever guise allowed them to navigate hostile territories, making profitable deals that might otherwise have been impossible.
One of the most intriguing stories from this period involves Bento de Góis, a Portuguese explorer who, in the 17th century, traveled extensively through Asia. Góis is famously depicted in Armenian commercial attire on a monument in Vila Franca do Campo, his hometown in the Azores Islands. This attire was not just a disguise but a symbol of the deep commercial and cultural ties between the Portuguese and Armenians. Accompanied by Saak, an Armenian companion, Góis' journeys highlight the trust and collaboration between the two communities.
The Armenians in Porto: A Historical Refuge
In 1453, the capture of Constantinople by the Muslim Turks led to significant upheaval for Christian communities in the region. A group of Armenians fled to Porto, Portugal, bringing with them the relics of St. Panteleimon. These relics were placed in the fishermen's church of Saint Peter (Igreja São Pedro de Miragaia), a significant gesture that underscored the Armenians' integration into Portuguese society. The area where they settled became known as "Armenian" (Rua Armenia), a name that endures as a reminder of this historical refuge and the cultural fusion that followed.
Calouste Gulbenkian: The Iconic Armenian in Portugal
The most illustrious Armenian figure in Portuguese history is undoubtedly Calouste Gulbenkian. Known as "Mr. Five Percent" due to his significant share in oil profits, Gulbenkian was not only a successful businessman but also a distinguished diplomat, art collector, and philanthropist. His contributions to Portuguese society were profound, with his legacy continuing through the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation. This foundation is renowned for its educational and cultural initiatives, tirelessly working to foster connections between Armenian and Portuguese communities. Gulbenkian's life and work symbolize the enduring impact of Armenian heritage on Portuguese culture.
A Legacy of Cultural Exchange and Cooperation
The historical relationship between Portugal and Armenia is a testament to the power of cultural exchange and cooperation. From the practical alliances of the Age of Discovery to the cultural integrations in Porto, these two nations have continuously found common ground. The Armenians in Portugal have enriched the cultural landscape, while Portuguese explorations have expanded Armenia's interactions with the broader world.
Today, the connections between these nations are celebrated through various cultural and educational programs. The Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation, in particular, continues to play a pivotal role in promoting mutual understanding and collaboration. This foundation supports a wide range of activities, from art exhibitions to scholarly research, ensuring that the shared heritage of Armenia and Portugal remains vibrant and relevant.
The historical and cultural ties between Portugal and Armenia highlight the ways in which diverse cultures can enrich each other. Despite their geographical distance, the two nations have shared experiences that have led to deep and lasting connections. These relationships are not just relics of the past but continue to shape the cultural and educational landscapes of both countries. As we move forward, the stories of Bento de Góis, the Armenian refugees in Porto, and Calouste Gulbenkian remind us of the enduring power of cultural exchange and the importance of fostering understanding across borders.